This page has been medically reviewed by Dr Gabriel Chain, March 2025.
Testicular pathology refers to any condition affecting the testicles, which play a vital role in hormone production and reproductive health. While some testicular issues are mild and resolve on their own, others require urgent medical attention. Early detection and treatment are essential for ensuring the best outcomes, preventing complications, and safeguarding long-term health and development.
Testicular torsion occurs when the testicle twists within the scrotum, cutting off its blood supply. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgery to prevent permanent damage or loss of the testicle.
Symptoms of testicular torsion include:
What to do: Seek emergency medical attention immediately. Surgery is required within hours to restore blood flow and save the testicle.
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid around the testicle, causing swelling in the scrotum. It is common in newborns and usually resolves on its own within the first year of life. However, in older children, persistent or large hydroceles may require surgical treatment to prevent discomfort or complications.
Symptoms of a hydrocele include:
An inguinal hernia occurs when a part of the intestine pushes into the scrotum, causing swelling and discomfort. It is more common in premature babies and requires surgery to prevent complications, such as intestinal obstruction or strangulation.
Symptoms of an inguinal hernia include:
Orchitis is an infection or inflammation of the testicles, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. It can be associated with conditions like mumps or urinary tract infections. Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, the tube that carries sperm. These conditions can be painful and require prompt medical evaluation.
Symptoms of orchitis and epididymitis include:
Treatment:
Diagnosis may include:
Treatment depends on the condition:
You should seek immediate medical attention if your child experiences:
At Kidswell Health, we understand that testicular concerns can be distressing for both children and parents. Our paediatric specialists provide rapid assessment, diagnostic tests, and expert guidance to ensure your child receives the best possible care. If needed, we coordinate with specialists for advanced treatment options.
Additional resources
Disclaimer: Information contained on this page is intended as general advice and does not replace a medical assessment. If you are concerned about your child’s health, please contact your doctor for advice. In an emergency or for urgent care, call 999 or visit your local A&E.
Book an appointment with Kidswell Health for a thorough evaluation and the right care
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