This page has been reviewed by Dr Marielle Quint, March 2025.
Bullying is repeated, intentional behaviour that causes physical or emotional harm. It can take many forms – including verbal abuse, physical aggression, social exclusion, or cyberbullying. Bullying often occurs at school, online, or within peer groups. Whether it’s direct or subtle, bullying can have a serious and lasting impact on a child’s mental health, confidence, and sense of safety.
Some children will speak openly about being bullied, but others may hide what’s happening due to shame, fear, or not wanting to worry their family. Recognising the signs early is key.
Emotional and behavioural signs
Anxiety, depression, or persistent low mood
Mood swings, emotional outbursts, or frequent crying
Withdrawing from friends, family, or previously enjoyed activities
Reluctance to go to school or complaining of illness before school
Avoidance of social situations or fear of using phones/social media
Self-harm or expressions of hopelessness
Decline in confidence or sudden self-doubt
Academic and school-related signs
Falling behind in school or avoiding homework
Loss of interest in learning or school participation
Frequent absences, lateness, or avoiding certain classes
Complaints about specific classmates, teachers, or group situations
Physical signs
Unexplained cuts, bruises, or injuries
Torn clothing or missing belongings
Frequent headaches, stomach aches, or other physical complaints with no clear medical cause
Changes in eating or sleeping habits
Social signs
Sudden changes in friend groups or complete isolation
Refusing to talk about school or avoiding questions
Avoiding online activities or deleting social media accounts
Displaying bullying-type behaviours toward siblings or peers (a possible sign they are being bullied themselves)
Children may not always say they are being bullied, so a full understanding of the context is important. A mental health professional or trusted adult will:
Talk with the child in a safe, non-judgemental space
Explore school and peer relationships
Involve the family and, if appropriate, communicate with school staff
Assess the emotional impact of bullying, including any symptoms of anxiety, depression, or trauma
The goal is to empower the child and provide both emotional support and practical steps to restore their sense of safety and self-worth.
There isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach — support is based on the individual child’s experience and needs.
Psychological support
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – Helps children manage anxiety, self-esteem, and unhelpful thinking patterns
Trauma-informed therapy – If bullying has been prolonged or severe
Play therapy – Useful for younger children who may struggle to express their emotions verbally
Social skills training – Supports children in building confidence, assertiveness, and navigating friendships
Family support
Guidance for parents on how to respond to bullying and support their child
Family therapy, where appropriate, to improve communication and reduce tension at home
School support
Liaising with school staff to develop action plans and ensure a safe environment
Encouraging schools to review anti-bullying policies and monitor progress
At Kidswell Health, our experienced in-house team of child psychologists and therapists offer a safe, supportive space for children affected by bullying. We help children understand their experiences, rebuild self-confidence, and develop practical coping strategies. We can also support parents and work closely with schools when needed.
Kidscape – Advice for children and families on dealing with bullying
If your child is at risk or in immediate distress, contact emergency services or visit Mind’s crisis support guide.
Book an appointment with one of our experienced professionals today.
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