Depression in Children Treatment

What are the signs of depression in children?

Symptoms can vary by age but often include emotional, behavioural, and physical changes.

Emotional & Behavioural Signs

• Persistent sadness, tearfulness, or irritability
• Loss of interest in play, hobbies, or activities they used to enjoy
• Withdrawal from family, friends, or social situations
• Low self-esteem, excessive guilt, or feelings of worthlessness
• Trouble concentrating, forgetfulness, or appearing “slowed down”
• Sensitivity to criticism or increased frustration
• Risk-taking behaviour (in teens), such as substance use
• Talking about self-harm or death – always seek help immediately if this occurs

Physical Symptoms

• Changes in appetite or eating habits (overeating or loss of appetite)
• Changes in sleep (insomnia or sleeping excessively)
• Frequent physical complaints like headaches or stomach aches without a medical cause
• Fatigue or low energy

How is depression in children treated?

Effective treatment often involves a combination of psychological therapies, lifestyle support, and in some cases medication.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

• Cognitive restructuring: Identifying and challenging unhelpful thoughts
• Behavioural activation: Encouraging participation in enjoyable and meaningful activities
• Problem-solving skills: Helping children manage challenges and stress

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

• Focuses on improving relationships and communication
• Addresses social conflict, grief, or life transitions that may contribute to depression

Play Therapy (for Younger Children)

• Uses structured play to explore emotions and build emotional regulation
• Particularly helpful for children who find it hard to express feelings verbally

Family Therapy

• Strengthens communication within the family
• Helps parents and siblings support the child’s emotional wellbeing
• Addresses any family dynamics that may be affecting the child

Behavioural Parent Training (for Younger Children)

• Helps parents understand and respond to their child’s emotional needs
• Reinforces positive behaviours and builds emotional resilience at home

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)

• Combines mindfulness practices with CBT
• Teaches stress reduction, emotional awareness, and relapse prevention

Medication
In moderate to severe cases, antidepressant medication may be considered, especially when symptoms do not improve with therapy alone. This is always carefully managed alongside ongoing psychological support.