This page has been medically reviewed by Dr Marielle Quint, March 2025.
Gender dysphoria occurs when a child or adolescent experiences distress due to a mismatch between their gender identity and the sex they were assigned at birth. Not all young people who explore their gender feel distressed, but when they do, this distress can affect mental health, relationships, school life, and overall wellbeing. With the right support, children can feel more confident and understood as they explore their identity.
Gender dysphoria may present differently depending on the child’s age and level of emotional development.
Children (under 12 years old)
Insistent, consistent, and persistent expression of a different gender identity
Preference for clothes, toys, and activities typically associated with another gender
Discomfort with their body or physical sex characteristics
Avoiding gendered spaces (e.g., toilets, changing rooms)
Anxiety or distress when misgendered or corrected
Social withdrawal or difficulty making friends due to gender-related stress
Teenagers (12–18 years old)
Strong desire to be recognised and treated as their true gender
Distress about puberty-related changes (e.g., menstruation, facial hair)
Requesting a new name, pronouns, or gender expression
Seeking information about medical transition or gender-affirming care
Increased risk of anxiety, depression, self-harm, or suicidal thoughts
Avoiding school, social situations, or sports due to gender-related distress
It’s important to listen, validate, and support a young person’s experience — even if they are still exploring their identity.
Gender dysphoria is not about labels – it’s about understanding and supporting a young person who is in distress.
Assessment includes:
Exploring a young person’s feelings about gender and identity
Understanding the impact on emotional wellbeing, relationships, and daily life
Screening for related issues such as anxiety, depression, or bullying
Taking a developmentally appropriate and non-pressured approach
Diagnosis is not necessary for all children exploring their gender identity, support can be offered regardless of whether a formal diagnosis is made.
upport focuses on emotional wellbeing and affirming the child’s identity — not changing who they are.
Social transition support
Helping the child use their chosen name and pronouns
Supporting changes in clothing, hairstyle, or gender expression
Working with schools to ensure a respectful and inclusive environment
Managing practical issues like toilet access and uniform policies
Psychological therapies
Gender-affirming therapy – A safe space to explore identity and feelings without judgement
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – Can support mental health if the child is experiencing anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem
Family therapy – Helps parents and siblings understand and support the child’s experience
Peer support – Where appropriate, connecting with others can reduce isolation
At Kidswell Health, our in-house team of experienced child psychologists and therapists provides affirming, non-judgemental care for children and teenagers experiencing gender-related distress. We offer emotional support, guidance for families, and work closely with schools to help create inclusive environments.
Stonewall – LGBTQ+ rights and support
Gendered Intelligence – Support for trans youth and families
Mermaids – Support for gender-diverse children and their families
If your child is in crisis or at risk of harm, please seek immediate support via emergency services or visit Mind’s crisis guide.
Book an appointment with one of our experienced professionals today.
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