This page has been medically reviewed by Dr Marielle Quint, March 2025.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a behavioural condition where a child or teenager consistently shows patterns of anger, defiance, and uncooperative behaviour, especially towards authority figures like parents, teachers, or caregivers. While it’s normal for children to test boundaries occasionally, ODD is diagnosed when these behaviours are frequent, intense, and significantly disrupt daily life at home, school, or in social situations.
ODD often becomes more noticeable in early childhood or adolescence and can vary in severity.
Common signs include:
Frequent temper tantrums or angry outbursts
Regularly arguing with adults or refusing to follow rules
Blaming others for their own mistakes or misbehaviour
Deliberately annoying others or being easily annoyed themselves
Holding grudges or seeking revenge
Low frustration tolerance and frequent irritability
Difficulty getting along with peers or adults in authority
These behaviours can cause tension in families, lead to conflict at school, and affect friendships.
ODD is diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment by a mental health professional. This includes:
Talking with the child and their caregivers
Understanding the frequency, intensity, and triggers of behaviour
Ruling out other conditions such as ADHD, anxiety, or autism
Gathering information from teachers or other adults involved in the child’s care
The key diagnostic factor is that the behaviours are persistent (lasting at least six months) and cause significant problems in daily life.
ODD can be managed successfully with early intervention, supportive strategies, and family involvement. Treatment plans are tailored to each child’s needs.
Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT)
Coaching parents to respond positively to their child while setting clear, consistent limits. Strengthens the parent-child bond and reduces conflict.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Helps children understand and manage difficult emotions like anger and frustration. Teaches problem-solving, emotional regulation, and impulse control.
Behavioural therapy
Uses reward systems and structured routines to reinforce positive behaviour and reduce challenging behaviour.
Social skills training
Supports children in learning how to get along with others, resolve conflicts, and manage peer relationships more effectively.
Family therapy
Addresses family dynamics that may contribute to ongoing behavioural issues and helps improve communication and mutual understanding at home.
Medication (if necessary)
Not typically the first option for ODD alone, but may be considered if the child also has co-existing conditions like ADHD, anxiety, or depression.
At Kidswell Health, our in-house team of experienced child psychologists and therapists offers tailored support for children with oppositional behaviours. We work closely with families to understand the underlying causes, create effective behaviour plans, and build healthier relationships.
If your child is in crisis or at risk of harm, please seek immediate help via emergency services or visit Mind’s crisis guide.
contact Kidswell Health to access expert care and personalised support.
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