Behavioural Challenges in Children

What are behavioural challenges in children?

Children and teenagers may display behavioural difficulties for many different reasons — including emotional stress, developmental conditions, or underlying mental health concerns. These behaviours can affect home life, school performance, and peer relationships, and are often a sign that a child is struggling to cope. Early support can help children understand their emotions, build coping skills, and improve their behaviour in a healthy and lasting way.

What are the signs of behavioural challenges in children?

Behavioural difficulties can show up in a wide range of ways. Below are some common patterns that may suggest a child needs support:

1. Emotional and social difficulties

• Frequent mood swings or intense emotional reactions

• Difficulty making or keeping friends

• Excessive anger, defiance, or arguing with adults

• Social withdrawal or avoiding family and peers

• Low self-esteem or repeated negative self-talk

2. Attention and impulse control issues

• Struggling to concentrate or follow instructions

• Hyperactivity or constant fidgeting

• Impulsive actions (e.g., interrupting, taking risks)

• Forgetting tasks or difficulty with multi-step directions

3. Anxiety and avoidant behaviours

• Refusing to attend school or participate in activities

• Excessive worry, especially about being away from parents or carers

• Frequent physical complaints (e.g., stomachaches, headaches) with no clear cause

• Repetitive rituals or compulsive behaviours that interfere with daily routines

4. Aggressive or oppositional behaviour

• Regular tantrums or emotional outbursts

• Defiance or rule-breaking at home or school

• Bullying, controlling, or intimidating others

• Self-harm or engaging in risky behaviour, such as substance use

How are behavioural challenges treated in children?

Support is tailored to the child’s individual needs and may involve multiple approaches.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

Helps children understand how their thoughts affect emotions and actions, and teaches strategies for managing anger, anxiety, or impulsivity.

Parent training and family therapy

• Equips parents with positive behaviour management techniques

• Improves communication and strengthens relationships

• Encourages consistency and routine at home

Play therapy (for younger children)

Uses storytelling, drawing, and role-play to help children express emotions and build self-regulation skills in a developmentally appropriate way.

Social skills training

Supports children who struggle with peer relationships by teaching communication, empathy, and problem-solving.

Medication (if necessary)

In some cases, medication may be considered if behavioural difficulties are linked to ADHD, anxiety, or other diagnosed conditions.